Proteomic Analysis of Cowpea Aphid Aphis craccivora Koch Salivary Gland Using LC-MS/MS Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55446/IJE.2024.1897Keywords:
Aphis craccivora, Vigna radiata, salivary gland, protein, LC-MS/MS, digestion, detoxification enzymes, functional annotation, gland dissection, proteomic analysisAbstract
The present study identified 151 proteins from the salivary gland of cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, using LC-MS/MS analysis. These included enzymes mainly involved in the digestion and detoxification of secondary metabolites and proteins related to cell development and molecular function. Enzymes like peroxidase, trehalase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, glutathione peroxidase, esterase, peptidase, carboxypeptidase, maltase, and beta-galactosidase were prevalent in the proteome. Additionally, several proteins were assigned to cellular and molecular functions of salivary gland. These proteins may be involved in host-plant interactions. Comprehensively, these results provide a database for elucidating aphid-plant interactions at the molecular level in the future.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Blackman R L, Eastop V F. 2000. Aphids on the world's crops: an identification and information guide (No. Ed. 2). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York.
Blum M, Chang H Y, Chuguransky S, Grego T, Kandasaamy S. Mitchell A, Finn R D. 2021. The InterPro protein families and domains database: 20 years on. Nucleic Acids Research 49(D1): D344-D354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa977
Boukar O, Fatokun C A, Huynh B L, Roberts P A, Close T J. 2016. Genomic tools in cowpea breeding programs: status and perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00757
Cantón P E, Bonning B C. 2020. Extraoral digestion: outsourcing the role of the hemipteran midgut. Current Opinion in Insect Science 41: 86-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.07.006
Cardona J B, Grover S, Busta L, Sattler S E, Louis J. 2023. Sorghum cuticular waxes influence host plant selection by aphids. Planta 257(1): 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-04046-3
Dedryver C A, Le Ralec A, Fabre F. 2010. The conflicting relationships between aphids and men: a review of aphid damage and control strategies. Comptes Rendus Biologies 333(6-7): 539-553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.03.009
Hattori M, Komatsu S, Noda H, Matsumoto Y. 2015. Proteome analysis of watery saliva secreted by green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. PLoS One 10(4): e0123671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123671
Hewer A, Will T, van Bel A J. 2010. Plant cues for aphid navigation in vascular tissues. Journal of Experimental Botany 213(23): 4030-4042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.046326
Hogenhout S A, Bos J I. 2011. Effector proteins that modulate plant– insect interactions. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 14(4): 422-428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2011.05.003
Huang H J, Ye Z X, Lu G, Zhang C X, Chen J P, Li J M. 2021. Identification of salivary proteins in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci by transcriptomic and LC–MS/MS analyses. Insect Science 28(5): 1369-1381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12856
Jones J D, Dangl J L. 2006. The plant immune system. Nature 444(7117): 323-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05286
Kaloshian I, Walling L L. 2016. Hemipteran and dipteran pests: effectors and plant host immune regulators. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 58(4): 350-361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12438
Kanehisa M. 2002. The KEGG database. In ‘In silico’simulation of biological processes: Novartis Foundation Symposium 247 (Vol. 247, pp. 91-103). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0470857897.ch8
Liu X, Zhou H, Zhao J, Hua H, He Y. 2016. Identification of the secreted watery saliva proteins of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) by transcriptome and shotgun LC–MS/MS approach. Journal of Insect Physiology 89: 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.04.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.04.002
Louis J, Shah J. 2015. Plant defence against aphids: the PAD4 signalling nexus. Journal of Experimental Botany 66(2): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru454
Louis J, Singh V, Shah J. 2012. Arabidopsis thaliana—aphid interaction. Arabidopsis Book, 10: e0159. https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0159
Mafa M S, Rufetu E, Alexander O, Kemp G, Mohase L. 2022. Cell-wall structural carbohydrates reinforcements are part of the defence mechanisms of wheat against Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) infestation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 179: 168-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.018
Morgan J K, Luzio G A, Ammar E D, Hunter W B, Hall D G, Shatters Jr R G. 2013. Formation of stylet sheaths in āere (in air) from eight species of phytophagous hemipterans from six families (Suborders: Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha). PLoS One 8(4): e62444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062444
Mou D F, Kundu P, Pingault L, Puri H, Shinde S, Louis J. 2023. Monocot crop-aphid interactions: Plant resilience and aphid adaptation. Current Opinion in Insect Science 101038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2023.101038
Naalden D, van Kleeff P J, Dangol S, Mastop M, Corkill R, Hogenhout S A, Schuurink R C, 2021. Spotlight on the roles of whitefly effectors in insect–plant interactions. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 661141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.661141
Nalam V, Louis J, Shah J. 2019. Plant defense against aphids, the pest extraordinaire. Plant Science 279: 96-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.027
Nardelli A, Vecchi M, Mandrioli M, Manicardi G C. 2019. The evolutionary history and functional divergence of trehalase (treh) genes in insects. Frontiers in Physiology 10: 62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00062
Nicholson S J, Hartson S D, Puterka G J. 2012. Proteomic analysis of secreted saliva from Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurd.) biotypes that differ in virulence to wheat. Journal of Proteomics 75(7): 2252-2268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.031
Nicholson S J, Puterka G J. 2014 Variation in the salivary proteomes of differentially virulent greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) biotypes. Journal of Proteomics 105: 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.005
Pavithran S, Murugan M, Mannu J, Yogendra K, Balasubramani V, Sanivarapu H, Balasubramani V, Natesan S. 2023. Identification of salivary proteins of the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora by transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analyses. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 164: 104060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104060
Rao S A, Carolan J C, Wilkinson T L. 2013. Proteomic profiling of cereal aphid saliva reveals both ubiquitous and adaptive secreted proteins. PLoS One 8(2): e57413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057413
Schatz B, Sauvion N, Kjellberg F, Nel A. 2017. Plant-insect interactions: a palaeontological and an evolutionary perspective. Advances in Botanical Research 81: 1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.abr.2016.11.002
Silva-Sanzana C, Estevez J M, Blanco-Herrera F. 2020. Influence of cell wall polymers and their modifying enzymes during plant–aphid interactions. Journal of Experimental Botany 71(13): 3854-3864. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz550
Smith C M Clement S L. 2012. Molecular bases of plant resistance to arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 57: 309-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100642
Stafford-Banks C A, Rotenberg D, Johnson B R, Whitfield A E, Ullman D E. 2014. Analysis of the salivary gland transcriptome of Frankliniella occidentalis. PLoS One 9(4): e94447. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094447
Su Y L, Li J M, Li M, Luan J B, Ye X D, Wang X W, Liu, S S. 2012. Transcriptomic analysis of the salivary glands of an invasive whitefly. PLoS One 7(6): e39303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039303
Thorpe P, Cock P J, Bos J. 2016. Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of three different aphid species identifies core and diverse effector sets. BMC Genomics 17(1): 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2496-6
Tjallingii W F, Esch T H. 1993. Fine structure of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals. Physiological Entomology 18(3): 317-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1993.tb00604.x
Tjallingii W F. 1995. Regulation of phloem sap feeding by aphids. In Regulatory mechanisms in insect feeding. Boston, MA: Springer, US. pp. 190-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1775-7_7
Tjallingii W F. 2006. Salivary secretions by aphids interacting with proteins of phloem wound responses. Journal of Experimental Botany 57(4): 739-745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj088
Van Bel A J. 2003. The phloem, a miracle of ingenuity. Plant, Cell & Environment 26(1): 125-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00963.x
Walling L L. 2000. The myriad plant responses to herbivores. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 19: 195-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003440000026
Wójcicka A. 2016. Effect of epicuticular waxes from triticale on the feeding behaviour and mortality of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)(Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Plant Protection Research 56(1): 39-44. doi:10.1515/jppr-2016-0006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0006
Wu Z Z, Qu M Q, Chen M S, Lin J T. 2021. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of saliva and salivary glands from the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Journal of Proteomics 238: 104136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104136
Yang Z, Ma L, Francis F, Yang Y, Chen H, Wu H, Chen X. 2018. Proteins identified from saliva and salivary glands of the Chinese gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis. Proteomics 18(9): 1700378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201700378
Yu X. Killiny N. 2018. The secreted salivary proteome of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. Physiological Entomology 43(4): 324-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12263
Zhang H, Lin R, Liu Q, Lu J, Qiao G, Huang X. 2023. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into host adaptation of a bamboo-feeding aphid. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 1098751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1098751
Zhang Y, Fan J, Sun J, Francis F, Chen J. 2017. Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. Scientific Reports 7(1): 15911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16092-z